Maintaining a consistent water temperature is crucial for the well-being of fish in an aquaponics system. Fish are poikilothermic, meaning their body temperature depends on the surrounding water temperature since they are cold-blooded and do not internally regulate their body temperature. In contrast, humans are homoeothermic, able to maintain their own internal body temperature regardless of the outside air temperature. Just like how a 3-degree swing in our body temperature can make us sick and stressed, fish also become stressed when the water temperature is inconsistent. This stress can lead to decreased eating and increased vulnerability to illness. The common guideline of limiting water temperature fluctuations within 3 degrees in a 24-hour period is now better understood. To ensure the well-being of the fish in your aquaponic system, it is important to think from their perspective and prioritize maintaining a consistent water temperature. As an aquaponic gardener or farmer, it is your responsibility to take care of the fish and one key aspect of this is maintaining a stable water temperature. So, how can we achieve this?
The water temperature can be influenced by various factors, including the capacity and consistency of the heat source, climate, ambient air temperature, tank materials, exposed piping, pipe length, growing system, tank placement, insulation of system components, water volume, and available backup systems. Considering all these factors is essential for maintaining a consistent temperature. Ideally, it is advisable to minimize reliance on external energy sources to reduce costs and dependency. Insulating tanks, grow beds, and pipes in colder climates can prevent water heat from escaping easily. While burying tanks in the ground may provide additional insulation, proper insulation around and underneath the tank is necessary to avoid losing heat into the ground. Insulating and sealing leaks in a greenhouse or growing structure is also important for maintaining a consistent air temperature, especially if the air temperature fluctuates significantly. Environmental control systems are crucial for managing heating and cooling systems in the growing environment and ensuring a consistent air temperature.
Cold Weather Aquaponics Questions
Dr. Nate Storey is responding to some of your inquiries regarding aquaponics in cold weather as winter approaches.
I have noticed that my fish are eating less lately. I am wondering if the decrease in temperature in my fish tank will affect their eating habits.
When the water gets cold, fish commonly slow down, which decreases production. Consequently, as the fish slow down, there will be a reduction in nitrates in the solution, so caution should be exercised to avoid overfeeding. It is important to be vigilant and ensure that appropriate feeding is maintained.
I would suggest finding a method to heat your tanks if you haven’t already. This will prevent a decrease in production when the weather gets colder.
What are the most suitable temperature ranges for tilapia?
Tilapia are without a doubt fish that thrive in warm water.
The reason they are the most common fish in aquaponics is because they are highly adaptable to poor water conditions and will consume a variety of foods. Some people prefer to provide them with traditional fish food, while others choose to supplement their diet with duckweed. In fact, you could even feed them grass clippings if desired. However, it is important to note that tilapia are sensitive to temperature, as they primarily originate from Africa or other tropical regions.
When the water temperature decreases to approximately 55 degrees, the majority of tilapia usually enter a dormant state induced by stress. This can be identified when the tilapia start behaving erratically, colliding with walls and exhibiting impaired swimming movements, resembling intoxication.
This state is not ideal for your fish, as it poses a significant risk to their biology.
If the temperature of your water drops to 50°F, it is likely that you have caused their death.
Only a small number of tilapia varieties can endure such temperatures.
I have previously experimented with different hybrid species. Among them is a hybrid known as Rocky Mountain White, which is capable of withstanding colder temperatures. It is said that this particular fish can endure temperatures as low as 50°F without perishing.
I have experimented with certain types of tilapia, such as the Nile-based Florida Reds, which are not known for their ability to tolerate cold temperatures. I use the term Nile-based because finding truly pure stock is rare. What I have discovered is that the hybrids specifically bred to handle the cold often have a slower weight gain and are not as good at feeding compared to others. Personally, I prefer fish that have a strong feeding response right until their life ends, rather than those that can withstand lower water quality.
If you are beginning with tilapia bought online or given to you by a friend, it is essential to maintain water temperatures above 60°F. To achieve optimal production, it is recommended to keep temperatures between 70°F and 85°F.
Is it accurate that the ideal temperature range for tilapia is between 70 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit?
Maximum production is achieved by focusing on that specific place.
