Aquaponics, which has gained popularity in recent years, is among the fastest growing trends for individuals seeking sustainable means of cultivating the food we eat.
Aquaponics is centered on water, which is evident. Essentially, the practice entails raising fish in water and using the nutrients derived from the excrement of the fish to cultivate plants. The plants function as a filtration system by feeding on the water while cleaning and decontaminating it so that it can be reused for the fish to survive.
Aquaponics has been touted by the sustainability movement as a thrilling and innovative method of food generation that uses a fraction of the water compared to prevailing agricultural practices. Moreover, it does not lead to the depletion of soil nutrients, environmental pollution, or deforestation.
In urban areas, where the majority of the global population resides, this innovative method of aquaponics gardening proves to be incredibly beneficial. This is due to its ability to generate a greater output of food in limited space as compared to classical gardening. Additionally, it requires no soil and minimal to zero waste.
Aquaponics has the potential to play a significant role in feeding the world’s population by producing food within urban areas. This would greatly diminish the distance that food needs to travel to reach markets and stores. According to certain specialists, aquaponics could even be a vital aspect of our future food system to sustain the massive global population.
One of the greatest advantages is that aquaponics can be done by nearly anyone. You can create a small aquaponics system for your home aquarium even if you live in a small apartment. To provide guidance for aspiring aquaponic growers, there are already several large-scale examples available. This means that models are accessible for anyone who wants to learn from them. We’re here to teach you the fundamental principles of aquaponic farming.
Definition Of Aquaponics
Aquaponics is a technique of farming fish (or other aquatic creatures) in which the byproducts they produce are used as nutrients for hydroponically grown plants. Consequently, the water is purified. Aquaponics is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way of generating a large amount of food in a limited area, particularly in urban settings.
Aquaponics is a word that results from the fusion of two common words: aquaculture and hydroponics. Aquaculture is commonly regarded as the farming of shellfish or fish, while hydroponics refers to the cultivation of plants without soil in a water-based solution. The concept of aquaponics unites these two practices.
The practice of aquaculture often poses challenges with the release of polluted water and diseases brought on by an abundance of fish waste with no outlet. As for hydroponics, chemical substances are typically utilized to nurture plants without soil. On the other hand, aquaponics ingeniously recycles fish dung to provide nutrients for the plants while simultaneously purifying the water.
Aquaponics is capable of generating a large quantity of food in a significantly smaller space compared to monoculture farms by combining natural nutrient cycling and food cultivation. The most remarkable aspect is that it accomplishes this feat without generating the various pollution and disease issues associated with feedlots.
Well-designed aquaponics systems, even those on a large scale, usually only need a small pump to circulate the water between the fish tank and growing bed, which can even be powered by a simple solar-powered pump. The filtered water then flows back down to the fish tank due to the force of gravity. This highlights how low-energy these mutually beneficial systems are.
Aquaponic systems utilize fish farming for food production while using the fish waste to cultivate plants for further food growth and water filtration. The recycled water in this system results in a significantly reduced water usage when compared to traditional land-based agriculture. As a promising and eco-friendly model, many view this as the potential future of food production.
Best Fish For Aquaponics
Aquaponics systems heavily rely on fish to supply nutrients to plants and serve as food for humans in high-production systems. However, it’s important to note that not all fish species are suitable for these systems and the appropriateness of certain species may vary depending on geographical location.
When selecting fish for an aquaponics system, it is crucial to take into account the water temperature, which is the primary determinant. Tropical fish thrive in temperatures of roughly 80 degrees Fahrenheit and can survive as low as 72 degrees. Conversely, cold-water fish won’t function effectively in such warm waters. As a result, the species of fish selected must be compatible with the climate.
Aquaponics systems are suitable for novice indoor growers who intend to acquire skills and cultivate a small quantity of vegetables with aquariums. Any fish inhabiting the aquarium can be used since the main focus is solely on their waste, with no intention of consuming them. Popular breeds like Goldfish and Koi are well-matched for aquaponics setups.
In warm weather conditions, some fish perform better than others in terms of protein production. Tilapia is a popular and widely recommended species for warm climates. Barramundi is also well-suited for warm weather, along with Jade Perch, which are rich in Omega-3, and Channel Catfish.
If you are in a colder region, it is recommended to choose fish species that thrive in such conditions. Trout, Carp, and White Bass are the most suitable aquaponic fish for cooler environments, as they prefer water temperatures below 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
Best Plants For Aquaponics
Aquaponics systems generally work best with thirstier plants that grow above the surface. This means that growing potatoes and carrots with this method is not ideal. But if you’re looking to grow fresh salad ingredients, aquaponics is an excellent choice.
Naturally, the temperature will impact the growth of suitable plants. Certain popular garden plants, like tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants, have tropical roots and are unable to withstand the cold. On the other hand, lettuce and cruciferous veggies like cabbages cannot tolerate high heat and will wither. Therefore, it is advisable to pick plants that are well-suited to the weather conditions in your location.
An abundance of leafy greens is usually found in an aquaponics garden since they require ample amounts of water and nitrogen. Bok choy and chard, both belonging to the mustard family, are highly recommended for their ability to grow well in water and adapt to a wide temperature range. Meanwhile, loose-leaf lettuces like romaine and butterhead, as well as chard and kale, are ideal for cooler environments.
Aquaponics gardening is well-suited for various herbs. Basil thrives in warm and sunny conditions. Chives may be a bit slow but they are productive and tough. Mint has a high water demand and is known for its tendency to rapidly spread and dominate garden beds. Parsley is an excellent choice for cooler temperatures.
For those new to growing fruiting crops, strawberries are a simple choice. However, hydroponic crops like tomatoes and cucumbers, which are more commonly grown, typically require a high level of nutrients and might be best attempted after gaining experience with easier vegetables.
DIY Aquaponics Ideas To Get Started Right Now
Most of the necessary items for a DIY aquaponic system, such as a fish tank, grow bed, medium, fish, and pump, are universal. Only a few items will vary depending on the specific aquaponic system chosen.
Aquaponic System for Sink and Bathtub
If you’re planning on renovating your home, don’t discard the old bathtub and kitchen sink. We can utilize these items for a quick DIY project. These fixtures already have tubes attached, making the process simpler.
Install a sink at an elevated position in your backyard and position a bathtub beneath it. Proceed to fill the sink with your preferred growing medium such as coconut coir, rocks, or other readily available substances, and then scatter seeds evenly over the medium.
For the bathtub, block all the openings to prevent water from being drained and add fish of your choosing into the filled tub. Link the PVC pipes from the tub and sink to allow for water circulation and attach the pump to create pressure and pump water upward. To enhance the appearance of the tub, you have the option to paint it with your preferred color.
An aquaponic system that arranges the racks vertically.
Stack the plastic racks on top of each other and place a plastic container at the bottom of each rack to be used as a fish tank. There is no limit to the number of racks you can use. Drill a hole in all of the racks to allow water to circulate through a connecting pipe. Connect all the pipes to the fish tank and attach a pump, the size of which will be determined by the number of racks used. Increasing the height of the pump will increase its power as it will need to pump water to a greater height. The most exciting aspect of this project is the ability to grow a variety of fruits and vegetables in each tray.
Arranging plastic containers horizontally.
Arrange two or more containers side by side to create a growing bed, and link them to the fish tank positioned beneath. Subsequently, attach the pump to the containers and introduce the growing medium and seeds into the bed. The fish tank should also be filled with water and inhabited by fish.
An aquaponic system utilizing the Nutrient Film Technique within a maze.
Arrange the interconnected PVC pipes horizontally in a manner resembling a maze, also known as channels. Subsequently, create holes in the pipes to enable the roots of the plants to submerge into them. Any extra space can be filled with coconut coir or clay to allow air to pass between the plants and the holes. Next, prepare an aquarium or a plastic container by adding water and placing fish of your choice inside. Connect the pipes to this system and wire the pump. The pump will transmit water filled with nutrients from the fish tank to the plants’ roots through the pipes. Eventually, the filtered water will flow back to the tank.
System for DIY Aquaponic Buckets
To create an affordable aquaponic system, slice two buckets in half to produce a small planting area and position the third bucket underneath for the fish tank. Join all the buckets with PVC pipes and connect a pump to circulate the water. Fill the third bucket with water and fish and the other two with medium and plants. This is an excellent DIY project for those interested in aquaponics.
Do-it-yourself Water Storage Tank
The size of the water tank is up to your discretion, then cover it with a raft that has been perforated. Insert plants into the holes, and any vacant areas can be filled with any material that doesn’t allow air to pass through it. The deep water technique is implemented, eliminating the need for fish, and the nutrient-rich water will be utilized via the roots of the plants to optimize their growth.
Self-assembly of containers with steel frames.
If you are considering an attempt at aquaponics, you can conveniently access all the necessary materials at your local IKEA store. You will only require a double steel rack and two containers. Put one of the containers on the higher shelf of the steel rack and the other on the lower one. Use the upper container to create a plant bed with medium and plants, while turning the lower one into an aquarium with water and fish. Finally, connect the pipe and pump to begin water flow.
How to build your own aquaponic pond.
Have you had a pond in your home that has been unused for a few years? If so, consider utilizing this space by implementing this system to transform it into a beautiful area. Place vertical PVC pipes above the pond, with holes drilled in them for plants, and add fish to the pond before connecting it to the pipes. Finally, connect the pump to the pond and the pipes to pump water to them.
DIY Wooden Crate
One can also attempt this method using wooden crates which are affordable. Place two wooden crates alongside each other and insert the plastic sheet within the crates prior to placing the medium. Then, put a plastic container (any plastic box you may use to store clothing) and fill it with water, placing your preferred fish inside it. Finally, connect the wooden crate and plastic box using pipes and wire the motor.
Do It Yourself Aquaponic system using glass
Something extravagant homes always seek is something extravagant. Maybe we could opt for glass this time. You can utilize the aquarium you already have at home to cultivate vegetables. Attach a pump to the aquarium and link it with a second glass container that is flat and half the size of the aquarium. Position the flat glass container above but not on top of the aquarium. Fill the container with a growing medium, plant some seeds, and you’re all set.
